Твёрдость металлов
Твёрдость — это величина значения сопротивления, которое оказывает тело при внедрению индентора — другого твёрдого тела. Статические способы испытаний отображаются измерениями твёрдости по шкалам Бринелля, Викерса, Роквелла.
Таблица перевода и сравнения единиц измерения твердости.
Шкала Викерса, Роквелла (Роквула), Бринелля (Бринеля), Шора. U.T.S.
| Vickers, По Викерсу,VPN при нагрузке 10 кгс | По шкалам Роквелла (по Роквулу), Rockwell scales hardness | По Бринеллю, BRINELL | По Шору | Прочность на разрыв | ||||
| tensile strength | ||||||||
| DPH=diamond pirmide hardness=HV/10 | A=HRA | B=HRB | C=HRC | BHN 500 кг | BHN Стандартная шкала теста по Бринелю. 3000 кг (HB 30) | HSh= | Kpsi | Mpa |
| 1865 | 92 | — | 80 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1787 | 92 | — | 79 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1710 | 91 | — | 78 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1633 | 91 | — | 77 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1556 | 90 | — | 76 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1478 | 90 | — | 75 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1400 | 89 | — | 74 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1323 | 89 | — | 73 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1245 | 88 | — | 72 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1160 | 87 | — | 71 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1076 | 87 | — | 70 | — | — | 101 | — | — |
| 1004 | 86 | — | 69 | — | — | 99 | — | — |
| 940 | 86 | — | 68 | — | — | 97 | — | — |
| 900 | 85 | — | 67 | — | — | 95 | — | — |
| 865 | 85 | — | 66 | — | — | 92 | — | — |
| 832 | 84 | — | 65 | — | 739 | 91 | — | — |
| 800 | 84 | — | 64 | — | 722 | 88 | — | — |
| 772 | 83 | — | 63 | — | 705 | 87 | — | — |
| 746 | 83 | — | 62 | — | 688 | 85 | — | — |
| 720 | 82 | — | 61 | — | 670 | 83 | — | — |
| 697 | 81 | — | 60 | — | 654 | 81 | 320 | 2206 |
| 674 | 81 | — | 59 | — | 634 | 80 | 310 | 2137 |
| 653 | 80 | — | 58 | — | 615 | 78 | 300 | 2069 |
| 633 | 80 | — | 57 | — | 595 | 76 | 290 | 2000 |
| 613 | 79 | — | 56 | — | 577 | 75 | 282 | 1944 |
| 595 | 79 | 120 | 55 | — | 560 | 74 | 274 | 1889 |
| 577 | 78 | 120 | 54 | — | 543 | 72 | 266 | 1834 |
| 560 | 78 | 119 | 53 | — | 523 | 71 | 257 | 1772 |
| 544 | 77 | 119 | 52 | — | 512 | 69 | 245 | 1689 |
| 528 | 77 | 118 | 51 | — | 496 | 68 | 239 | 1648 |
| 513 | 76 | 117 | 50 | — | 481 | 67 | 233 | 1607 |
| 498 | 75 | 117 | 49 | — | 469 | 66 | 227 | 1565 |
| 484 | 75 | 116 | 48 | — | 455 | 64 | 221 | 1524 |
| 471 | 74 | 116 | 47 | — | 443 | 63 | 217 | 1496 |
| 458 | 74 | 115 | 46 | — | 432 | 62 | 212 | 1462 |
| 446 | 73 | 115 | 45 | — | 421 | 60 | 206 | 1420 |
| 434 | 73 | 114 | 44 | — | 409 | 58 | 200 | 1379 |
| 423 | 72 | 113 | 43 | — | 400 | 57 | 196 | 1351 |
| 412 | 72 | 113 | 42 | — | 390 | 56 | 191 | 1317 |
| 402 | 71 | 112 | 41 | — | 381 | 55 | 187 | 1289 |
| 392 | 71 | 112 | 40 | — | 371 | 54 | 182 | 1255 |
| 382 | 70 | 111 | 39 | — | 362 | 52 | 177 | 1220 |
| 372 | 70 | 110 | 38 | — | 353 | 51 | 173 | 1193 |
| 363 | 69 | 110 | 37 | — | 344 | 50 | 169 | 1165 |
| 354 | 69 | 109 | 36 | — | 336 | 49 | 165 | 1138 |
| 345 | 68 | 109 | 35 | — | 327 | 48 | 160 | 1103 |
| 336 | 68 | 108 | 34 | — | 319 | 47 | 156 | 1076 |
| 327 | 67 | 108 | 33 | — | 311 | 46 | 152 | 1048 |
| 318 | 67 | 107 | 32 | — | 301 | 44 | 147 | 1014 |
| 310 | 66 | 106 | 31 | — | 294 | 43 | 144 | 993 |
| 302 | 66 | 105 | 30 | — | 286 | 42 | 140 | 965 |
| 294 | 65 | 104 | 29 | — | 279 | 41 | 137 | 945 |
| 286 | 65 | 104 | 28 | — | 271 | 41 | 133 | 917 |
| 279 | 64 | 103 | 27 | — | 264 | 40 | 129 | 889 |
| 272 | 64 | 103 | 26 | — | 258 | 39 | 126 | 869 |
| 266 | 63 | 102 | 25 | — | 253 | 38 | 124 | 855 |
| 260 | 63 | 101 | 24 | — | 247 | 37 | 121 | 834 |
| 254 | 62 | 100 | 23 | 201 | 240 | 36 | 118 | 814 |
| 248 | 62 | 99 | 22 | 195 | 234 | 35 | 115 | 793 |
| 243 | 61 | 98 | 21 | 189 | 228 | 35 | 112 | 772 |
| 238 | 61 | 97 | 20 | 184 | 222 | 34 | 109 | 752 |
| 234 | 60 | 97 | 19 | 181 | 218 | 34 | 107 | 738 |
| 230 | 59 | 96 | 18 | 179 | 214 | 33 | 106 | 731 |
| 226 | 59 | 96 | 17 | 177 | 210 | 33 | 104 | 717 |
| 222 | 58 | 95 | 16 | 175 | 208 | 32 | 102 | 703 |
| 217 | 58 | 95 | 15 | 171 | 205 | 31 | 100 | 690 |
| 213 | 58 | 94 | 14 | 169 | 203 | 31 | 99 | 683 |
| 208 | 57 | 93 | 13 | 167 | 200 | 30 | 98 | 676 |
| 204 | 57 | 92 | 12 | 163 | 195 | 30 | 96 | 662 |
| 200 | 56 | 92 | 11 | 162 | 193 | 29 | 95 | 655 |
| 196 | 56 | 91 | 10 | 160 | 190 | 28 | 93 | 641 |
| 192 | 56 | 90 | 9 | 157 | 185 | 27 | 91 | 627 |
| 188 | 55 | 89 | 8 | 154 | 180 | 26 | 88 | 607 |
| 184 | 54 | 88 | 7 | 151 | 176 | 26 | 86 | 593 |
| 180 | 54 | 87 | 6 | 148 | 172 | 26 | 84 | 579 |
| 176 | 53 | 86 | 5 | 145 | 169 | 25 | 83 | 572 |
| 172 | 53 | 85 | 4 | 142 | 165 | 25 | 81 | 558 |
| 168 | 52 | 84 | 3 | 140 | 162 | 25 | 79 | 545 |
| 164 | 51 | 83 | 2 | 137 | 159 | 24 | 78 | 538 |
| 160 | 51 | 82 | 1 | 135 | 156 | 24 | 76 | 524 |
| 156 | 50 | 81 | 0 | 133 | 153 | 24 | 75 | 517 |
| 152 | 50 | 80 | — | 130 | 150 | — | 73 | 503 |
| 148 | 49 | 79 | — | 128 | 147 | — | — | — |
| 144 | 49 | 78 | — | 126 | 144 | — | — | — |
| 141 | 48 | 77 | — | 124 | 141 | — | — | — |
| 139 | 47 | 76 | — | 122 | 139 | — | — | — |
| 137 | 47 | 75 | — | 120 | 137 | — | — | — |
| 135 | 46 | 74 | — | 118 | 135 | — | — | — |
| 132 | 46 | 73 | — | 116 | 132 | — | — | — |
| 130 | 45 | 72 | — | 114 | 130 | — | — | — |
| 127 | 45 | 71 | — | 112 | 127 | — | — | — |
| 125 | 44 | 70 | — | 110 | 125 | — | — | — |
| 123 | 44 | 69 | — | 109 | 123 | — | — | — |
| 120 | 43 | 68 | — | 107 | 121 | — | — | — |
| 118 | 43 | 67 | — | 106 | 119 | — | — | — |
| 116 | 42 | 66 | — | 104 | 117 | — | — | — |
| 115 | 42 | 65 | — | 102 | 116 | — | — | — |
| 114 | 42 | 64 | — | 101 | 114 | — | — | — |
| 113 | 41 | 63 | — | 99 | 112 | — | — | — |
| 112 | 41 | 62 | — | 98 | 110 | — | — | — |
| 111 | 40 | 61 | — | 96 | 108 | — | — | — |
| 110 | 40 | 60 | — | 95 | 107 | — | — | — |
| 108 | 39 | 59 | — | 94 | 106 | — | — | — |
| 107 | 39 | 58 | — | 92 | 104 | — | — | — |
| 106 | 38 | 57 | — | 91 | 102 | — | — | — |
| 105 | 38 | 56 | — | 90 | 101 | — | — | — |
| 104 | 38 | 55 | — | 89 | 99 | — | — | — |
| 103 | 37 | 54 | — | 87 | — | — | — | — |
| 102 | 37 | 53 | — | 86 | — | — | — | — |
| 101 | 36 | 52 | — | 85 | — | — | — | — |
| 100 | 36 | 51 | — | 84 | — | — | — | — |
| 100 | 35 | 50 | — | 83 | — | — | — | — |
| 99 | 35 | 49 | — | 82 | — | — | — | — |
| 98 | 35 | 48 | — | 81 | — | — | — | — |
| 97 | 34 | 47 | — | 80 | — | — | — | — |
| 96 | 34 | 46 | — | 79 | — | — | — | — |
| 95 | 33 | 45 | — | 79 | — | — | — | — |
| 95 | 33 | 44 | — | 78 | — | — | — | — |
| 94 | 32 | 43 | — | 77 | — | — | — | — |
| 93 | 32 | 42 | — | 76 | — | — | — | — |
| 92 | 31 | 41 | — | 75 | — | — | — | — |
| 91 | 31 | 40 | — | 74 | — | — | — | — |
| 90 | 31 | 39 | — | 74 | — | — | — | — |
| 90 | 30 | 38 | — | 73 | — | — | — | — |
| 89 | 30 | 37 | — | 72 | — | — | — | — |
| 88 | 29 | 36 | — | 71 | — | — | — | — |
| 88 | 29 | 35 | — | 71 | — | — | — | — |
| 87 | 28 | 34 | — | 70 | — | — | — | — |
| 87 | 28 | 33 | — | 69 | — | — | — | — |
| 86 | 28 | 32 | — | 68 | — | — | — | — |
| 86 | 27 | 31 | — | 68 | — | — | — | — |
| 85 | 27 | 30 | — | 67 | — | — | — | — |
| 85 | 26 | 29 | — | 66 | — | — | — | — |
| 84 | 26 | 28 | — | 66 | — | — | — | — |
| 84 | 25 | 27 | — | 65 | — | — | — | — |
| 83 | 25 | 26 | — | 65 | — | — | — | — |
| 83 | 24 | 25 | — | 64 | — | — | — | — |
| 82 | 24 | 24 | — | 64 | — | — | — | — |
| 82 | 24 | 23 | — | 63 | — | — | — | — |
| 81 | 23 | 22 | — | 63 | — | — | — | — |
| 81 | 23 | 21 | — | 62 | — | — | — | — |
| 80 | 22 | 20 | — | 62 | — | — | — | — |
| 80 | 22 | 19 | — | 61 | — | — | — | — |
| 79 | 21 | 18 | — | 61 | — | — | — | — |
| 79 | 21 | 17 | — | 60 | — | — | — | — |
| 78 | 21 | 16 | — | 60 | — | — | — | — |
| 78 | 20 | 15 | — | 59 | — | — | — | — |
| 77 | — | 14 | — | 59 | — | — | — | — |
| 77 | — | 13 | — | 58 | — | — | — | — |
| 76 | — | 12 | — | 58 | — | — | — | — |
| 76 | — | 11 | — | 57 | — | — | — | — |
| 75 | — | 10 | — | 57 | — | — | — | — |
| 75 | — | 9 | — | 56 | — | — | — | — |
| 74 | — | 8 | — | 56 | — | — | — | — |
| 74 | — | 7 | — | 56 | — | — | — | — |
| 73 | — | 6 | — | 55 | — | — | — | — |
| 73 | — | 5 | — | 55 | — | — | — | — |
| 72 | — | 4 | — | 55 | — | — | — | — |
| 72 | — | 3 | — | 54 | — | — | — | — |
| 71 | — | 2 | — | 54 | — | — | — | — |
| 71 | — | 1 | — | 53 | — | — | — | — |
| 70 | — | 0 | — | 53 | — | — | — | — |